Several gastrointestinal (GI) operations promote dramatic and durable improvement of type 2 diabetes. Given the magnitude and rapidity of the effect of GI surgery on hyperglycemia, and experimental evidence that rearrangements of GI anatomy similar to those in some metabolic procedures directly affect glucose homeostasis, GI interventions have been suggested as treatments for type 2 diabetes, and in that context are termed “metabolic surgery

Download the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2017 by the American Diabetes Association.